Understanding Life Essay Sample free essay sample

Travelocity is a company that believes in the ethical intervention and development of employees. True False Michelle Peluso. CEO of Travelocity. subscribes to McGregor’s Theory X positions refering employees. True False Practical experience and research both tell us that layoffs should increase the motive of staying employees. True False Harmonizing to Jeffrey Pfeffer about 90 % of today’s organisations are genuinely â€Å"people centered. † True False Harmonizing to Jeffrey Pfeffer. companies must take between emphasizing uninterrupted betterment and doing employees experience comfy. True False Research grounds suggests that increasing occupation security is associated with higher net incomes and lower employee turnover. True False Providing preparation for employees leads to take down employee turnover. True False An organisation is a system of consciously co-ordinated activities of two or more people. True False Harmonizing to the text. there are three degrees of OB analysis: persons. groups. and organisational. True False The World Health Organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Life Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page General Motors. and Al Qaeda are all illustrations of officially defined organisations. True False 11. OB is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to better apprehension and pull offing people entirely in for net income concern environments. True False 12. Organizational behaviour is a perpendicular subject operation in the human resource kingdom. True False 13. Organizational behaviour is a specific occupation class in most organisations ( e. g. . the â€Å"COBO† or the Chief Organizational Behavior Officer ) . True False 14. Legalization of union-management corporate bargaining helped further the human dealingss motion. True False 15. Reanalysis of the original Hawthorne informations strongly supports initial decisions about the positive consequence of supportive supervising. True False 16. Writer Elton Mayo advised directors to go to to employees’ emotional demands. True False 17. Mary Parker Follett urged directors to demand occupation public presentation alternatively of simply trying to arouse it from employees: a â€Å"push† instead than â€Å"pull† scheme. True False 18. Douglas McGregor believed directors could carry through more by first acknowledging that employees are per se selfish and lazy and so working to rectify that fatal defect. True False 19. Harmonizing to McGregor’s Theory X. people tend to stall and bum whenever they can. True False 20. Assurance. hope. optimism. subjective wellbeing. and emotional intelligence are the five cardinal dimensions of McGregor’s Theory X. True False 21. Harmonizing to McGregor’s Theory Y. the typical employee can larn to accept and seek duty. True False 22. McGregor’s Theory X asserts that employees must be coerced and threatened with penalty before they will work. Tru e False 23. From a philosophical position. McGregor’s Theory X places a greater accent on human potency than does his Theory Y. True False 24. The ultimate end of Six Sigma is to come within six standard divergences of flawlessness. True False 25. Six Sigma promotes intense examination of how a procedure is defined. measured. analyzed. improved. and marketed. True False 26. Entire quality direction ( TQM ) is defined as uninterrupted. customer-centered. employee-driven betterment. True False 27. Entire quality direction is established today thanks in big portion to the pioneering work of Douglas S. Surber. True False 28. In successful betterment plans. Entire quality direction rules are embedded in the organization’s civilization. True False 29. Harmonizing to W. Edwards Deming. when things go incorrectly. there is approximately a 60 % opportunity that the system ( e. g. . direction. machinery. or regulations ) is at mistake and about a 40 % opportunity that the single employee is at mistake. True False 30. W. Edwards Deming believed that formal preparation in statistical procedure control is unneeded ( and even counterproductive ) in modern organisations. True False 31. Deming would probably back a concern theoretical account wherein organisational betterment is addressed. in a meaningful and intense manner. one time a twelvemonth at an one-year meeting. True False In the early 1990s. even when Internet applications were undergoing a growing jet. advocators said it would amount to nil in the terminal. True False 33. Those born into the alleged â€Å"Net Generation† topographic point a high value on freedom. True False 34. Members of the â€Å"Net Generation† are by and large unskilled at coaction due to their distressingly awkward societal accomplishments and questionable hygiene. True False 35. E-business involves utilizing the Internet to purchase and sell goods and services whereas e-commerce involves utilizing the Internet to ease every facet of running a concern. True False 36. Human capital is the productive potency of an individual’s cognition and actions. True False 37. Social capital is productive possible ensuing from strong relationships. good will. trust. and concerted attempt. True False 38. Intelligence. creativeness. motive and enthusiasm are dimensions of societal capital. True False 39. Trust. common regard . teamwork. and chumminess are dimensions of societal capital. True False 40. A recent reappraisal of 30 old ages of concern literature led to the decision that good direction requires a clear intent and a prejudice toward action. True False 41. After a reappraisal of 30 old ages of concern literature. it was concluded that to be an effectual director one must be really sensitive both to past experience and to the mass of new information available through digital beginnings. True False 42. Harmonizing to Henry Mintzberg. the most critical occupation in our society is that of the director. True False 43. Henry Mintzberg discovered that directors typically devote big blocks of clip to be aftering. True False 44. Directors with high degrees of accomplishment command tend to hold better fractional monetary unit public presentation and employee morale than directors with lower degrees of accomplishment command. True False 45. At its nucleus. direction is about covering efficaciously with people. True False 46. Harmonizing to recent research. effectual female and male directors have significantly different accomplishment profiles. True False 47. The successful twenty-first century director portions entree to power a nd cardinal information. True False 48. A successful twenty-first century director positions people as a possible job. True False 49. The primary function of a twenty-first century director is to give orders and control action. True False 50. A successful twenty-first century director seeks to ease alteration. True False 51. Directors of the hereafter will be compensated based on clip. attempt. and rank. True False 52. Corporate officers in the U. S. are mostly protected from rough condemnable punishments by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. True False 53. A countrywide study of human resource professionals revealed that merely 11 % on occasion ascertained unethical behaviour at their organisations. True False 54. The highest degree of Carroll’s Global Social Responsibility Pyramid is occupied by ethical duty. True False 55. â€Å"Kindness to the helpless† is the most basic and indispensable of Kent Hodgison’s seven moral rules. True False 56. Harmonizing to a 2008 study. pupils at spiritual schools are significantly less likely to rip off than pupils at non-religious schools. True False 57. An organization’s ethical clime can be improved by developing a meaningful codification of moralss. True False 58. Surveies in the United States and the United Kingdom demonstrate that corporate committedness to moralss typically comes at a big underside line cost to the organisation. True False 59. A field survey is a statistical pooling technique leting behavioural scientists to pull general decisions about certain variables from many different surveies. True False 60. Because of the extremely controlled nature of research lab surveies. generalising the consequences to organisational direction requires cautiousness. True False 61. Which of the followers is non associated with higher net incomes and lower turnover? A. Layoffs B. Careful engaging C. Generous wage D. A deficiency of accent on position E. Trust 62. Evidence suggests that people-centered direction patterns are associated with ___ . A. higher net incomes B. higher turnover C. more centralised determ ination doing D. increased layoffs E. Increased accent on hierarchal position 63. The aim of organisational behaviour is to develop a better ___ . A. apprehension of rivals B. apprehension of people at work C. corporate procedures D. indoctrination system for employees E. tantrum with the external environment 64. The three basic degrees of analysis in organisational behaviour are ___ . A. psychological. sociological. and statistical B. emotional. physical. and cognitive C. Functional. concern. and strategic D. Individual. group. and organisational E. group. single. and environmental 65. Why should one pass one’s clip larning about organisational behaviour? A. To larn how to interact with others more efficaciously B. To increase the opportunities of going a successful director C. To better understand human behaviour D. To increase self-management accomplishments E. All options are right 66. Which of the followers is the nucleus profession that OB pupils typically specialize in when they enter organisations? A. CEO B. COO C. CFO D. COB E. none of the abov e 67. Based on ulterior interviews and re-analysis of the original informations. which of the followers was likely non responsible for the high production end product at Western Electric’s Hawthorne works? A. Fear of unemployment during the Great Depression B. Supportive supervising C. High-quality natural stuffs D. Money E. Managerial subject 68. Equally early as the 1920s. _____ advised directors to actuate occupation public presentation alternatively of simply demanding it. In other words. ( s ) he advocated a â€Å"pull† instead than a â€Å"push† scheme. A. Douglas McGregor B. Kristin McKay C. W. Edwards Deming D. Henry Mintzberg E. Mary Parker Follett 69. In the 1933 classic. The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization. _____ advised directors to go to to employees’ emotional demands. A. Douglas McGregor B. Elton Mayo C. W. Edwards Deming D. Henry Mintzberg E. Mary Parker Follett 70. Which of the followers is an premise of McGregor’s Theory Y? The typical individual ___ . A. has imaginativeness and creativeness B. cares merely about security C. prefers to be directed D. avoids work if possible E. requires close supervising 71. Which of the followers is an premise of McGregor’s Theory X? The typical individual ___ . A. dislikes work and will avoid it if possible B. positions work as a natural activity. like drama or rest C. can larn to accept and seek duty D. is capable of autonomy and self-denial E. has imaginativeness. inventiveness. and creativeness 72. _____ is based on pessimistic and negative premises about human nature. A. Theory Q B. Theory W C. Theory X D. Theory Y E. Theory Z 73. _____ is based on a positive set of premises about human nature. A. Theory Q B. Theory W C. Theory X D. Theory Y E. Theory Z 74. Harmonizing to the rules of entire quality direction ( TQM ) . betterment is _____ driven. A. stakeholder B. direction C. leader D. employee E. industry 75. â€Å"Continuous. customer-centered. employee-driven improvement† defines ___ . A. entire quality direction B. the eventuality attack C. the human dealingss motion D. organisational behaviour E. the Hawthorne bequest 76. W. Edwards Deming had much to state about how employees should be treated. Among other things. he called for ___ . A. formal preparation in managerial techniques B. an accent on single duty C. riddance of barriers to good craft D. accent on numerical quotas E. order giving and punishment 77. Harmonizing to W. Edwards Deming. _____ is required to bring out system ( e. g. . machinery ) failures. A. a fearful work environment B. new leading C. an interview with the go toing supervisor D. an interview with the employee responsible E. statistical analysis 78. Harmonizing to W. Edwards Deming. when things go incorrectly. there is approximately a ( N ) ______ per centum opportunity the system ( e. g. . direction. machinery. or regulations ) is at mistake and about a _____ per centum opportunity the single employee is at mistake. A. 55 ; 45 B. 65 ; 35 C. 75 ; 25 D. 85 ; 15 E. 95 ; 05 79. A common rule underlying assorted entire quality direction ( TQM ) plans is that one should ___ . A. hint faulty points back to the person responsible B. maintain a strong differentiation between labour and direction C. listen and learn from rivals D. maintain a strong Quality Inspection section E. do it compensate the first clip to extinguish dearly-won rework 80. Those born into the so called â€Å"net generation† topographic point a premium on ___ . A. isolation B. trust C. tradition D. construction E. freedom 81. _____ refers to purchasing and selling goods and services over the Internet whereas _____ refers to utilizing the Internet to ease every facet of running a concern. A. Virtual organisation ; practical squad B. E-business ; E-mail C. E-mail ; E-commerce D. Virtual squad ; practical organisation E. E-commerce ; E-business 82. _____ represents the productive potency of an individual’s cognition and actions. A. The Hawthorne bequest B. McGregor’s Theory X C. Human capital D. E-business E. Social capital 83. _____ represents the productive possible ensuing from strong relationships. good will. trust. and concerted attempt. A. The Hawthorne bequest B. McGregor’s Theory X C. Human capital D. E-business E. Social capital 84. Intel spends 1000000s of dollars each twelvemonth to promote instruction in math and scientific discipline. This policy ___ . A. builds human capital B. wastes organisational resources C. increases employee turnover D. reflects a Theory X position of human nature E. contradicts the instructions of Mary Parker Follett 85. A recent reappraisal of 30 old ages of concern literature led to the decision that good direction requires ___ . A. a clear intent and a prejudice toward action B. a willingness to set oneself before the organisation C. the occasional â€Å"bending of the rules† D. an IQ of at least 130 E. extended Six Sigma preparation 86. _____ is the procedure of working with and through others to accomplish organisational aims in an efficient and ethical mode. A. Entire quality direction B. Management C. The human relation motion D. Organizational behaviour E. The eventuality attack 87. Research by Henry Mintzberg and others has found that a typical manager’s twenty-four hours ___ . A. is a disconnected aggregation of brief episodes B. has few breaks C. has big blocks of clip for be aftering D. is contributing to reflective thought E. is chiefly exhausted planning and apportioning resources 88. Clark Wilson’s research outlined 11 accomplishments exhibited by effectual directors. Which of the followers is one of those managerial accomplishments? A. Provides feedback on annual intervals B. Makes one-sided determinations C. Provides intense force per unit area for end achievement D. Empowers and delegates responsibilities to others while keeping end lucidity and committedness E. Uses penalty and coerc ion to accomplish public presentation. 89. Which of the followers is a feature of a twenty-first century director? A. Vertical communicating forms B. Compensation based on clip and attempt C. A competitory position of interpersonal relationships D. Resistance to alter E. Sharing cardinal information. 90. Of the followers. which is a feature of a 21st-century director? A. Compensation based on clip. attempt. and rank. B. Sing people as a primary resource. C. A monocultural. monolingual orientation. D. Ethical considerations are made as an reconsideration. E. Hoarding power and cardinal information. 91. _____ calls for utilizing direction techniques in a situationally appropriate mode alternatively of trusting on ‘one best manner. ’ A. Human resource development B. Organizational behaviour C. The human dealingss motion D. The eventuality attack E. Total quality direction 92. Corporate officers in the United States are capable to high answerability criterions and rough punishments under the ______ Act. A. Swart-Surber B. Hayes-Rachel C. Gambino D. Sarbabes-Oxley E. Brown 93. The base of Carroll’s Global Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid is _____ dut y. A. economic B. legal C. ethical D. philanthropic E. egocentric 94. In Hodgson’s seven moral rules. the impression of the holiness of human life is captured by ___ . A. self-respect of human life B. liberty C. honestness D. trueness E. humaneness 95. Harmonizing to a 2008 study. pupils at spiritual schools. comparative to pupils at public schools. are significantly more likely to ___ . A. follow ethical regulations of behavior B. darnel C. attend college D. efficaciously preserve their ideals throughout their lives E. work in the non-profit sector 96. In Hodgson’s seven moral rules. the impression of self finding is captured by ___ . A. self-respect of human life B. liberty C. honestness D. trueness E. humaneness 97. A _____ is a statistical pooling technique that allows behavioural scientists to pull decisions about certain variables from many different surveies. A. instance survey B. meta-analysis C. sample study D. field survey E. research lab survey 98. A _____ probes person or group processes in an organisational scene. A. inst ance survey B. meta-analysis C. sample study D. field survey E. research lab survey 99. In a ___ . variables are manipulated and measured in controlled state of affairss. A. instance survey B. meta-analysis C. sample study D. field survey E. research lab survey 100. _____ are characterized by high research preciseness. A. Field surveies B. Sample studies C. Laboratory surveies D. Case surveies E. Meta-analyses 101. A _____ is an in-depth analysis of a individual person. group. or organisation. A. Case study B. Meta-analysis C. Sample study D. Field study E. Laboratory survey 102. Organizational behaviour is a scientific discipline built on the foundation of a figure of older academic and applied Fieldss. What are some of these Fieldss and what are their alone parts to organisational behaviour? Be complete in your response and include. at a lower limit. five lending Fieldss. 103. Describe the premises behind McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. How can McGregor’s Theory Y premises be applied to the jobs of pull offing in a modern working environment? 104. What is the difference between e-commerce and e-business? Describe the E-business deductions for organisational behaviour. 105. Define human capital. Describe the qualities and features of single human capital. Which of these features do you see in yourself? 106. Compare and contrast the features of past directors and twenty-first century directors. 107. Identify the seven general ethical rules and briefly describe each. Answers may run loosely as this inquiry calls for a synthesis of what pupils know about other Fieldss in concurrence with what they’re larning about OB. ] Organizational behaviour has been built upon the parts of psychological science. sociology. societal psychological science. anthropology. and political scientific discipline. Psychology has contributed to larning. perceptual experience. personality. emotions. preparation. leading effectivity. demands and motivational forces. occupation satisfaction. decision-making procedures. public presentation assessments. attitude measuring. employee choice techniques. work design. and occupation emphasis. Sociology has contributed through the survey of formal and complex organisations – including group kineticss. design of work squads. organisational civilization. formal organisation theory and construction. organisational engineering. communications. power. and struggle. Social psychological science has contributed in the countr ies of mensurating. apprehension. and altering attitudes ; communicating forms ; constructing trust ; the ways in which group activities can fulfill demands ; and group decision-making procedures. Anthropology has contributed to an apprehension of organisational civilization. organisational environments. and differences between national civilizations. Political scientific discipline has contributed to an apprehension of structuring of struggle. allotment of power. and how people manipulate power for single opportunism. One strength of organisational behaviour is its ability to assist us understand complex topics by uniting the positions offered from such diverse subjects. 103. ( p. 8 ) Theory Ten premises are pessimistic and negative in nature. It is assumed that people dislike work and will avoid it when possible. that they must be coerced and threatened and that they prefer to be directed. Theory Y premises are positive in nature. In this instance. it is assumed that people are capable of autonomy. they will be committed to organisational aims if they are rewarded for making so. and the typical employee will seek duty and has imaginativeness. inventiveness and creativeness. Surveys suggest that most employees would prefer to go an built-in portion of the organisation. but they feel a deficiency of connexion with their supervisor or with the organisation. Theory Y premises expressed by directors would assist mend this gulf between employees and organisations. 104. ( p. 12 ) E-commerce refers to the purchasing and merchandising of goods and services over the Internet. E-business is much broader in range and refers to the usage of the Internet to ease every facet of running a concern. E-business can radically change any activity that depends significantly on the flow of information. This might include everything from client demands and merchandise design to monetary values. agendas. fundss. employee public presentation informations. and corporate scheme. Directors and employees have entree to greater measures of information because communicating crosses traditional organisational boundaries. 105. ( p. 14 ) Human capital is the productive potency of an individual’s cognition and actions. Features of human capital include single intelligence. aspirations. proficient and societal accomplishments. self-pride. enterprise. adaptability. preparedness to larn. creativeness. enthusiasm. motive and committedness. continuity. ethical criterions . honestness and emotional adulthood. How pupils relate these concepts to their ain experience will change loosely. 106. ( p. 17 ) Past directors saw themselves as order-givers who relied on formal authorization as a beginning of influence. Communication forms were typically perpendicular in nature and information was restricted. Employees were frequently viewed as a beginning of jobs and competitory interpersonal relationships. twenty-first century directors see themselves as facilitators and managers. They rely on proficient and interpersonal cognition as a power base. Communication flows in multiple waies and information is shared. Employees are viewed as a valued resource and spouses in concerted interpersonal relationships. 107. ( p. 24 ) The seven general ethical rules include self-respect of human life. liberty. honestness. trueness. equity. humaneness. and the common good. Dignity of human life means that worlds have a right to populate and to be treated with regard. Autonomy means that all individuals are per se valuable and therefore hold rights to self-government and equal human autonomy. Honesty means that the world of the state of affairs should be told to those who have a right to cognize it. Loyalty means that promises. contracts. and committednesss should be honored. Fairness means that one has a right to be treated reasonably. impartially. and equitably. and has the duty to handle others reasonably and rightly. Humaneness means that our actions ought to make good to ourselves and others and we should avoid making evil. The common good agencies that actions should profit the public assistance of the largest figure of people while seeking to protect the rights of persons.

Reaction paper

Reaction paper Reaction paper Journal Review on Counselor Education and Supervision 3 Preparing School Counselors This article looks into how to prepare school counselors for the unprecedented responsibilities and challenges they are required to take on, school counselor education programs must be dramatically transformed. In urban educational settings, the needs for effective school counselors are even more perceptible (Shoffner & Briggs 2002). For instance, urban schools tend to be larger with fewer resources and located in areas with higher poverty rates. The student populations in urban schools are more likely to be comprised of people of color or of students whose first language is not English. In addition, children in urban areas are more often exposed to conditions that endanger their health and well-being, such as limited access to medical care and increased exposure to violence and crime. Each of these preceding factors influences the academic development of students. Students who attend urban schools are less likely than their suburban counterparts to complete high school. And, those who do graduate are more likely to be unemployed or living in poverty this is where the role of counselors and school leaders come together to work for academic success. According to the article the focus on career, personal and social achievement is the key to working together on helping students reach their goals. In order to make school counselor education programs more selective and diverse, the selection process must take into consideration not only test scores (e.g., GRE scores) but key dispositions that lead to effective, equity-focused, and data-driven urban school counseling. They tested the interactive CD-ROM it gave an example of a students, each intern had to choose all aspects of the students life in order to get a perspective of the best way to help the student achieve his future goals. In simple terms â€Å"putting you in the student’s shoes.† Students come from different backgrounds culture, language, social economics and many other differen ces. According to Journal Review on Counselor Education and Supervision 4 Shoffner & Briggs 2002 becoming the future counselor’s one must continue to educate and collaborate with administrators, teachers, students, and parent. As a counselor I can learn from these practices however, I believe internship and supervision would be the best way a counselor can learn. The use of the CD-ROM may not be useful in all situations. This article lacks more detail on the CD-ROM usage. It only mentioned one student’s situation and it did not express what the counselor solution was. New Opportunities for Training School Counselors Professional Development Schools (PDS) have different goals from one another they tend to have and share some of the goals. According to Clark & Horton-Parker 2002 the goal is to enhance school achievement in PDS by preparing educators, administrators and counselors to attend to social, emotional, and careers developments needs of students. In this study it was intended for the collaboration of the teachers and the counselors to work in urban setting to prepare effective administrators, counselors and teachers. Professional Development Schools provide valuable opportunities for collaboration among university faculty and public school professionals and offer the promise of enriched educational experiences for children and enhanced training for preserves and in-service teachers and counselors. In this article new ways that school counselor interns can receive valuable training and counseling experience through their work and supervision in PDS. I strongly believe that it is import ant for the counselor, educator and administrators to have collaboration with one another in order to be effective in Journal Review on Counselor Education and Supervision 5 their responsibilities. They only did a

Feminism Short Stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feminism Short Stories - Essay Example The stories, considered further on, represent social turmoil experienced by women, who lived in the nineteenth century. Thesis: a moral oppression and social bounds imposed on the main characters of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Nathanial Hawthorne reflect negative impacts caused on physical and emotional condition of women. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Therefore, we will focus on the ways the main characters from these short stories fought against their oppression. There were different physical and emotional conditions among these women. The first short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman represents an emotional and moral degradation of the main character of the story. In her intentions, she tries to reveal a woman hiding behind yellow wallpapers of the room. She tries to climb up the wallpapers and at the same time she tries to escape from oppressing reality. This woman is positioned as a â€Å"hysterical woman†, which means her unusual behavior for the society of the nineteenth century. This woman is able to make some notes in her diary about the oppressing circumstances happening to her life. She is unable to take care of her child and she feels depressed. At the same time, this woman is locked in the room, which was a child room. In her despair she pulls off all the wallpapers: â€Å"I've got out at last†¦.and I've pulled off most of the paper so you can't put me back!† (Gilman). At this moment the author shows to us the way her husband faints. In other words, she shows that this man could not remain conscious. He cannot take control over his emotions, the same way like women do. Therefore, his wife maybe is not too weird; she just was oppressed by social stereotypes and behavioral templates. Once she gets rid of these ties, she becomes free. There is much more behind her life and her inner feelings and emotions. Her emotions are oppressed and her inner self experiences de gradation. Nevertheless, she manages to pull all her efforts and direct her power on overcoming the most challenging moments in her life. She makes changes in the room; she releases an imagined woman from the wall and in such a way she releases herself from a â€Å"yellow wall† or social oppression. She finally manages to cope with her emotional burden and the fact that her husband faints in her face, means that this woman defeats him. Unfortunately, the heroine of another short story does not have so much power. Nathanial Hawthorne, â€Å"The Birthmark† In another short story written by Nathanial Hawthorne, â€Å"The Birthmark†, Georgiana has a birthmark on her cheek. This imperfect trait makes her husband insane, because he is obsessed with having an ideal wife. The author tells exactly about the most acute problem, oppressing the modern women: their physical ideal form. There is only appearance, which should be followed by a woman. Another factor, determining behavior of Aylmer is his occupation. He is a perfect scientist and he is sure that a man is able to take control over nature. The birthmark on the face of his wife looks like a hand. His husband makes her remove this â€Å"dreadful hand†. He made his life drink the elixir. She dies and the birthmark disappears from her face. He was not focused on love to his wife; he was focused on love to his work. He wanted to make his wife perfect and he reached his goal. The author shows to the readers that Aylmer is a selfish individual. He

Race and Your Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Kentucky Fried Chicken Holdings Malaysia Berhad Marketing Essay

Kentucky Fried Chicken Holdings Malaysia Berhad Marketing Essay KFC is an abbreviation of Kentucky Fried Chicken is a chain of fast food restaurant based in Louisville Kentucky, in the United Stated and was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952. Since he was only 9 years old, he discovered his penchant for cooking. Through the years he grew up to become a personage the world knows as Colonel Sanders, founder of KFC. KFC mainly sells chicken pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches. While its main focus is  fried chicken, KFC also offers a line of grilled and roasted chicken products,  side dishes  and  desserts. Although Harland Sanders died in 1980, he remains as a important person of the company`s branding and advertisement, and formerly known as Colonel Sander, is a metonym for the company itself. In 1991, the company adopted KFC, an abbreviated from of its name but starting in April 2007, the company began used Kentucky Fried Chicken, its own original name for its signage, packaging and advertisement. Kentucky Fried Chicken recipe includes blends of 11 herbs and spices and become franchising to the rest of America. By the early 70`s, that special recipe reached Malaysia. Today, KFC Malaysia continues to serve finger lickin` good, succulent pieces of chicken. Its delicious aroma was attract most Malaysian citizen and became popularly amongst them. KFC prides itself as a fast-food restaurant give customers great tasting chicken with a selection of home-styled side dishes and dessert. The first KFC restaurant was opened in 1973 on Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman. Until now, KFC Malaysia reached about 500 franchised around Malaysia and still counting. Great tasting chicken has become synonymous with KFC, and has been enjoyed by Malaysians ever since. Now KFC Malaysia has developed its own distinctive Malaysian personality of its own. The Companys Background KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd., (KFC Holdings) is a branded chicken retail chain operator. KFC Holding in Malaysia operates about 500 KFC restaurant nationwide also operates the RasaMas chain of restaurant about 35 outlets. Approximately 52 Kedai Ayamas owning by the Group of KFC Holding, making this company as nation`s first branded chicken and chicken-based retail chain. Not only serve fast-food as main business, KFCH also widely involved in poultry production and processing, as well as a host of ancillary businesses such as vegetable farming, baking and sauce production. KFCH has emerged as strong big company in Malaysia`s businesses and retail world with high reputation for excellent product, efficient friendly service and financial strength. Undeniably, KFCH is the only KFC restaurant operator in world whose serve Western Quick Service Restaurant market greater than that of McDonald`s. KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd (KFCH) operates service not only being the franchisee of KFC chain of restaurant in Malaysia but also in Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia and India. 1.2 Board of Director (Executive Director) Kamaruzzaman bin Abu Kassim   Chairman Non Independent Non Executive Director Ahamad bin Mohamad Deputy Chairman   Non Independent Non Executive Director Jamaludin bin Md Ali Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer Kua Hwee Sim   Independent Non Executive Director Tan Sri Dato Dr Yahya bin Awang   Independent Non Executive Director Hassim bin Baba   Independent Non Executive Director Datuk Ismee bin Ismail   Non Independent Non Executive Director Datin Paduka Siti Sadiah binti Sheikh Bakir Non Independent Non Executive Director   During the KFCH`s period of services, below show the awards and achievement of the KFCH from year 2008 until year 2010: Award Year Awarding Body Trusted Brand 2010 Yum! Brands Readers Digest Most Trusted Brands 2010 Readers Digest Putra Brand Award 2010 (Silver) 2010 Putra Brand Awards Association of Accredited Industrial Excellence Award for Service Sector 2008 Malaysia 100 Brand Excellence in Product Branding for Fast Food Chicken Category 2008 Brand Laureate KFC People Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Best Operations Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Restaurant Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Marketing Excellence Award 2008 Yum! Brands Franchisee Of The Year 2008 Yum! Brands Yum! Reel Advertising Excellence Brand 2009 Yum! Brands Effie Award (Bronze) 2009 Effie Readers Digest Most Trusted Brands 2009 Readers Digest Franchisee Of The Year 2009 Yum! BrandsTable 1.1: KFC`s award and achievement from 2008 to 2010. Award Year Awarding Body Best Brand Category 2008 Brand Laureate Outstanding Product Innovation Award 2009 Malaysian Livestock Industry Awards [emailprotected] Awards 2009 Livestock Asia Expo Forum Table 1.2: Ayamas`s award and achievement from 2008 to 2009. Nature of Business KFCH handles over 620 KFC outlets comprising of Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia and India and over 35 RasaMas restaurants in Malaysia and Brunei. Over the year, KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd. (KFC Holdings) improve in advancement of fast-food with its original recipe of kentucky fried chicken, KFC Holdings also engaged in the business of poultry, processing, restaurants and property holding. Other than that, KFC Holdings is also engaged in operating hatchery, breeder farms, poultry retail and convenience food store chains. Chicken, fresh bun, cakes, snacks, sauces, chicken rice meals and Freezer to Fryer products are the examples of products offered by the company. The businesses units serve by KFC Holdings are: Restaurants KFC and RasaMas Ayamas retail Poultry Integration Ancillary Operations Restaurants KFC is the best-established brands in Western Quick Service Restaurants market not only in Malaysia but also worldwide. Report has been recorded that over 620 KFC restaurants in Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Cambodia and India. Recent product was emerged by KFC Holdings such as Egg Tart offer to customers as a variety alternative to attract peoples. Successful first steps were taken by the company to re-brand Rasa Ayamas outlets by established RasaMas as dine-in restaurants. The first Rasa Ayamas Restaurant opened in 1996 and the aims is to brings all its ready-to-eat cooked food under the Rasa Ayamas name also to promote the Ayamas processed products to all Malaysians citizen. Ayamas Retail Ayamas Retail is Malaysia`s first branded poultry retail chain established by KFC Holdings. The services given by the Ayamas is to sell chicken and chicken-based products in an air-conditioned environment to fulfill customers need. It is also offer a selection of chicken roasters and light, chicken-based snacks. In 1988, the first convenience store was opened at Seapark and afterwards there are about 52 stores under the name Kedai Ayamas. The products are at tip-top of quality halal branded chicken that been processes and packaging by the company`s own processing plants. Poultry Integration The KFC Holdings processing plants process poultry for restaurants around the nationwide while focusing to achieve cost-efficiency while maintaining halal and high quality standards. The poultry integrator and operations consist of breeder farms and hatchery, feed mills, poultry farms, contract broiler farming and processing and further processing plants was undertaken by the Ayamas Food Corporation Bhd. Other than that, the Ayamas operations also to supply whole chicken and cut chicken parts further processes chicken product to the domestic market as well as to export the products to nearby country such as Singapore, Brunei, Hong Kong and Middle East. Figure 1.2: Marketing division of Ayamas Poultry Integrations. Ancillary Operations KFC Holdings on its own complement core business then take benefits from an integrated ancillary support system that comprises the sauce manufacturing, bakery and commissary operations. The Region Food Industries Sdn Bhd (RFI) is the company that leading the sauce manufacturers with producing about 12 million bottles per annum. Financial Performance Figure 1.3: Graph shows the performance of KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd on 11 February 2011. The financial performance was reported that the company resulting a moderate improvement on the services that provided by the company since it was established. Through its subsidiaries, the company operates in three segments known as restaurants, integrated poultry and ancillary. Since that, the company became strengthen and establishes franchises around Malaysia as the financial performance show a good condition. Chairman of KFC Holdings said that sales at restaurants since its open more than a year jumped 16 percent in 2008,double the rate of 2007 and then three times faster than the global average for KFC outlets. KFC Holdings (Malaysia) Bhd., the best performer on the nation`s benchmark stock index, said it will sustain the fastest growth in at least 10 years as demand for deep-fried chicken defies an economic slowdown (Chan Tien Hi, December 3, 2008). KFC SALES GROWTH RATES Table 1.3: Summary of Earnings Table of KFC Holdings (M) from 2005 until 2009. Table 1.4: P L Breakdown of KFC Holdings (M) from 2005 until 2009. The table 1.3 and 1.4 on previous page shows the sales growth rates of KFC Holdings (M) from year 2005 until 2009. It was shown that KFC Berhad remains by far one of the cheapest mid-large cap consumer companies in Malaysia. It can be seen on the table of the overleaf for regional comparison. The sales growth rate was increased from 2005 to 2009 for example the Dividend Yield on year 2005 is 2.5 percent then each year been increased which year 2009, the yield is increased to 7.8 percent. It was reported that KFC Holdings generated revenue of RM1, 206, 9 million which accounted for a 10.9 percent increase over 2009. Since the sales increased over the country and show good performances, the number of Malaysian KFC outlets has increased to 399 in 2007 and now was increased to 500 outlets all around Malaysia. It is also was expected that the number of outlets will increase by the year of 2012. At end of March 2007, the research house imputing that 2 percent of selling price was implemented by Malaysian KFC outlets, and 3 to 4 percent selling price increase implemented at Singapore KFC outlets in November 2006. Since the selling price increased, KFC branches were growing fastest around nationwide. Apart from that, KFC Holdings (M) also increased the number of Ayamas Restaurant outlets to 19 from 14 outlets for 2007 and then from 14 to 21 outlets for 2008. The growth accelerated earnings by this company in 2QFY09 (+4.2%yoy to RM31.7m) as compared with +1.4%yoy in 1QFY09. The higher growth was due to higher contribution and better margin from KFC restaurant division. Chart 1.1: KFC Turnover breakdown (9M06) on 2006 Chart 1.2: KFC Pretax profit breakdown (9M06) on 2006 Below show the pie charts of turnover breakdown and pretax profit breakdown for KFC Holdings (M) on year 2006. Chart 1.2 show that the earnings that been driven by KFC restaurants chains, which account for almost 90 percent of group pretax profit. The turnover breakdown by year 2006 was almost 60 percent. Overall, it was expected that KFC is deliver mid-single digit revenue growth, which driven by high single digit growth in Malaysia KFC restaurant operations. SALES TREND Figure 1.4: KFC Holdings (M) sales growth from 2005 until 2009. Figure above shows the sales growth of KFC Holdings (M) from year 2005 to 2009. It is show that the sales were decreased from 6.5 percent on 2005 to 4.4 percent on 2006. Then the sales were decreased once again on year 2007 and record the growth about 4.0 percent. The sales were decreased because of the economic growth for the year came with a mà ©lange of highs and lows whereby the country at that time was unstable due to fuel crisis. This crisis bring on the the impact of higher food and oil prices left a reduction in consumption and business profits. However, on 2008, the economic began stable therefore the domestic sales prospects of KFC Holdings of Malaysia were increased due to stability of economic. As a result, sales growth for the whole of 2008 inclined increased to 5.0 percent compared to 4.0 percent in 2007. During the year of 2008, KFC Malaysia aggressively drove restaurant image enhancements. Many steps were taken to improve the overall KFC dining experience for the valued customer. For year 2009, KFC Malaysia became strong market activities and launch a disciplined operations therefore the sales transaction and profitability was increased again in 2009 with 7.2 percentages compared the year before. Expansion of restaurant at that times record greater growth in Peninsular Malaysia region also in Sabah and Sarawak regions. The expected increases in sales growth of KFC`s products was due to ongoing enhancement measures and the strong supportive of valued customers. YEAR SNACK DINNER 1985 3.95 4.95 1996 5.30 6.60 2004 6.70 8.80 Present 6.80 8.90 Table 1.5: Snapshots of KFC`s meal prices during selective periods from year 1985 until now. Since year of 1985, the price of KFC`s meals were become increased due to economic growth ever since. However, since the economic grew more standardize, the price of KFC`S meals were increased according  to  currency appreciation  and  the economy.  The people of  Malaysia  are also able  to  buy  the  KFC`s meals at reasonable price. However, this factor was not affecting the buyers but every year the sales growth even more increased. Years ago, the prices of meals at KFC were costly in range of RM3.00 to RM5.00. These days, getting a decent meal at KFC which include snack plate and a drink, inclusive of service charges were costly less than RM9.00 to RM10.00, which is not much more expensive than dining at hawker shops. CONCLUSION The economic growth of our country came with a mà ©lange of highs and lows. Sometimes the economic condition is at a stable place whereby the economic growth was steady. However, since fuel crisis came up in year 2007, the global economic downturn created cautionary, volatile and fragile market by year end. Since the crisis came up, the sales rates of KFC Holdings (M) was record downturn due to the impact of higher food and oil prices. The group of KFC Holdings (M) were trying to survive by came up with a lots of plan strategies to further the operations of the group. KFC group were committed to enhance performance during that year by introduced new meals to the restaurants and new product to the Ayamas Retails. Since the strategies were launched, in 2008, the group recorded an impressive revenue growth of 26 percent to RM2, 179.8 million from RM1, 703.4 million in 2007. In the previous year, the profit before tax also increased to RM167.5 million against RM150.6 million. The increasing of stellar performance also resulted on earnings per share whereby in 31st December 2007, it was recorded that the increased by 13.7 percent from 52.59 sen to 59.78 sen in 31st December 2008. On that year, the revenue from KFC restaurants contributed about 75 percent to the Group`s total turnover, 20 percent and 5 percent was contributed by the poultry and ancillary businesses. Since that, the improvement of KFCH`s sales growth become surprisingly increased in year 2009. Therefore, on 2nd January 2009, KFCH became a subsidiary of QSR Brands Bhd (QSR) and record that there is another 865,300 ordinary KFCH shares, increasing the QSR`s total holding in KFCH to 50.25 percent. This is became the significant milestone for the group to enhance the management capability on the sales growth of the business. The benefit of long term is to exercise result in management stability and positive income contribution of the group. Now the business of KFCH were at its stable condition and expand more further resulting on the increasing of sales growth each year. Since now and then, KFC becomes the biggest Malaysian fast-food operator with about 500 franchises of KFC restaurants and 26 of Ayamas outlets all around the country.

Civilization in Aeschylus The Orchesteia and Voltaires Candide Essay

Man’s continual search for a perfect civilization attributes the history of human progress. From Plato to Locke to Marx, man has always sought to order society to provide justice for himself and for his children. In this everlasting quest for perfection and utopia, many writers have suffered the penalties of imprisonment, exile, or even death. In time, most critical writers learned that in order to avoid such brushes with the authorities, they must use imagination, sarcasm and irony, as in satire, and/or use aliases so that their identity remains undisclosed. In both Aeschylus' The Oresteia and in Voltaire’s Candide, human civilization is viewed as an imperfect balance of opposites, which helps fight against man's tendencies toward barbarism and inhumanity. Aeschylus’ tragic trilogy, the only play to survive from Ancient Greece, repeatedly calls our attention upon a central concept of justice: justice as revenge. This is a relatively simple concept, with a powerful emotional appeal, linking vengeance to the family and their feelings for each other and for their collective honor. However, one must look past this superficial theme in order to fully appreciate and understand the depth and beauty of Aeschylus’ work, and regard it as a philosophical investigation into the concepts of justice rather than a great artistic fiction or a poetic exploration. The former approach is unfortunate because the Oresteia is not a rational argument. It is, on the other hand, an artistic exploration of abstract and theoretical issues. What matters in this case is the complexity of the feeling that emerges from the characters, the imagery, the actions, and the ideas in the story. In other words, the writer is dealing with a case of how human bei... ...th of its characters. For Aeschylus, successful civilization defines itself not by complete devotion to Fate or the gods, instead, society forms "the ultimate product of conflict between opposing forces" in which violence and antisocial behaviour are repressed through a "hierarchization of values". Candide addresses issues about human nature that other stories might choose to ignore, such as optimism, as well as religion and state. These elements give such an insight and a perspective that most readers do not usually get in every day literature. Whereas highly controversial, Voltaire always writes from an honest point of view. He never tries to be politically correct – he tells it like it is or at least the way he perceives them to be. Not only does Voltaire address the ignorance of mankind, but also directly challenges the integrity of the church and state.

Technology Education and National Development

TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE PLACE OF INFRASTRUCTURE BY SUBAIR, S. TAYO AND ASHIRU, AL-MAHROOF. OLASEEWO DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS AKOKA – LAGOS BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE NIGERIAN ASSOCIATION FOR EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND PLANNING (NAEAP) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE VENUE:JULIUS BERGER AUDITORIUM UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS DATE:24TH – 27TH SEPTEMBER 2007 AbstractTechnology education has been defined as a continuous process of special education and training imparted in individuals for them to achieve socio-economic independence. One major essence of technology education is self-sustenance and social development. This paper takes a cursory look at the factors germane to functional technology education and its implications for national development, by examining the concepts of technology education, national development, infrastructure and goals of technology education.The paper goes further to as ses the development status of Nigeria, the relevant of infrastructure in the provision of viable technology education and some areas along policies, practices, attitudes, and sensitization of the public towards imbibing technology education that can foster national development. Introduction The basis of Nigeria’s philosophy of education is the integration of the individual into a sound and effective citizen, such a philosophy as articulated in the National Policy on Education (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004).The goal of national development is hardly realizable without technology, which serves as a vehicle for the acquisition of appropriate knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies of both mental and physical nature. This is equipment for the individual to live in his society, and to acquire a relevant and balanced knowledge of facts about local and world phenomena. The etymology of technology is from Greek word ‘tekhne’, which refers to an art or craft, a nd ‘logia’ which means area of study. Simply defined, technology is a science of crafting.Collins English Dictionary (2005, pg. 1675) defines technology as the application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce, the methods, theory and practices governing such application and the total knowledge and skills available to any human society. Education, as defined by Adesina, Fagbamiye and Talabi (1985) is a tool for the integration of the individuals effectively into a society to enable them achieve self social, economic, political, scientific, cultural and technological progress.Now, in the era of globalization, the growing importance of trans-border education provisions particularly, in the area of technology is quite understandable. Generally, stakeholders are anxious to see that educational institutions deliver what they should deliver and that what they deliver produces desirable outcomes. These desirable outcomes include, among others, changes in structures, attitudes and institutions as well as the acceleration of economic growth, the reduction of inequality and eradication of absolute poverty.Consequently, in addressing the issue of national development vis-a-vis technology education, it is of immense necessity to show the understanding of the phenomenon development and also to harness the indices of development before we can decide what we look out for in a developed, under-developed, developing nation and so on. The Concept of Technology Education According to Adeogun (2004), Ogunranti (1988) and Ukeje (1991), technology is the application of science and scientific knowledge to make the world more efficient using industrial methods.Technology can also be viewed as the sum of the ways in which a social group provides for themselves with the materials of civilization, thus science and technology go hand-in-hand. It could be considered permissible then to say that technology is a systematic approach in an integrated process to achieve practical purpose or achieve an end product. Hence, technology involves a practical engagement, that is, the act of doing, which is meant to solve human problems scientifically and systematically. Translated from its Latin root, ‘educo’ or ‘educare’, the word education means ‘to lead’. In other words, education implies showing the way.In principle, education is the process by which a person or group of persons lead in the act of acquiring new knowledge or experience. Ajelabi (2000) views education as implying the experience that a person gets in contact with or which one undergoes with or without the school. According to Collins Dictionary (2005, pg. 433), education is the act or process of imparting knowledge, especially at school, college or university, the art or process of acquiring knowledge, the knowledge or training acquired by this process, the theory of teaching and learning; or a particular kind of special directives (inst ructions) or training.From the foregoing, an operational definition of technology education required for this paper projects technology education as a continuous process of special education, training and directives imparted in individuals for the development of innovative ideas to ensure socio-economic independence. It could be argued that the type of education which Nigeria pupils and students are exposed to at different levels of education in the school system today cannot favour the accomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals.This can be substantiated with the concern about quality which is uppermost in any educational discourse all over the world, and Nigeria in particular. The United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (1999) observes that quality in education is a multi-dimensional concept which should embrace â€Å"all functions and activities: teaching, academic programmes, research and scholarship, staffing, students, buildings, facilities, equip ment, services to the community and academic environment†.To show that one is educated means that all aspects of his/her life is transformed to influence and be influenced by self, physical, social, political, economical and spiritual environments. For this reason, technology education should focus on productive skills that are saleable to the world, thus making such a country a power to associate with. The Concept of National Development National development is rooted in a force of change than can raise expectations, through sustainable and broad-based economic growth.It could also be perceived as the totality of all activities within a nation whose main goal is to raise the living standards and general well being of the people. Collins English Dictionary (2005, pg. 443) defines development as the act or process of growing or developing or the product of developing. The Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1996, pg 377) defines development as growing or becoming mor e advanced or a recent important event which is the latest in a series of related events.For the purpose of this paper, national development means the satisfaction and sustenance of the social, political and economic needs of the people of a state (nation). It could also be thought of as planned activities which focus on increasing and enlarging the capacities so that they can successfully handle greater positions in a nation. National development usually focuses on improving the conceptual skills – the intellectual and abilities needed to handle complex situations and do a better job.With economic needs, a change in the economic and social super-structure of the society is guaranteed. It is an improvement in the techniques of production in the consumption choices open to the average citizen, in the health of the citizen, in the behaviour of citizen and so on. It involves both quantitative and non-quantitative aspects. Also, it involves reduction in income inequality, unemplo yment and poverty (Adeogun, 2003).Bannock (1977) opines that economic development is related to the process of growth in total and per capita income of developing nations accompanied by fundamental changes in the structures of their economies. Accordingly, these changes generally consist of the increasing importance of industrial, as opposed to agricultural, activity, reduction of dependence on imports from the more advanced producer and consumer goods, and dependence on agricultural or mineral products as main exports, and a diminishing reliance on aids from other countries.Accompanying this economic process are attendant political and socio-cultural reforms aimed at resolving such problems as cultural deprivation, ignorance, political instability and poverty. Thus, national development can be perceived as the totality of all the activities within a nation whose main goal is to raise the living standards and general well-being of the people. The Concept of Infrastructure According to Coombs (1991), the educational system is a function of the quality and quantity of inputs. Of significance are the buildings, equipment and space.This view gains the endorsement of Ejiogu (1984) and Nwagwu (1983) who note that of the four important factors in an attempt to balance the qualitative and quantitative growth of any educational system is the quality and number of infrastructure in the form of buildings, machinery and equipment; their maximal usage and proper maintenance culture of the students, staff and community members that use such facilities. Infrastructure, as stated by Ehiametalor (2001) are the operational inputs of every instructional programme and they constitute elements that are necessary for teaching and learning.Such include buildings, laboratories, machinery, furniture and electrical fixtures. In specific terms, Bosah (1997) opines that infrastructure represent the empirical relevance of the totality of the school environment for the realization of the s chool business. He identifies the following as components of infrastructure: landscape, playgrounds, buildings – classrooms, library, laboratory blocks, health blocks, toilets, hostels, administrative blocks and so on; utilities such as electricity, pipe-borne water and security facilities – walls (fences), gates, telephone and alarm system.From the above, infrastructure can be considered the basic systems and services that are necessary for an organization, for example, buildings, transport, water and power supplies and administrative systems. These are things that represent the aesthetic picture of the school conveyed by the position of structures in relation to one another. Goals of Technology Education The goals of technology education include: -understanding the principles and dynamics of technology; understanding the principles of tool construction, processes of technology and modes of dissemination; -developing intellectual processes of technology and their rela tion with other systems such as communication, economics, science, industry and society; -acquiring skills such as instrumentation production, maintenance, creativity, designing and communication; -mastering of technology-oriented forms of general and specific problem-solving; -producing technologically literate people; and -producing products that are employable and equally those who would proceed to higher education (Busari, 2004).It is important to appreciate the interpretation of these goals in the policies and practices of technology education in Nigeria. The policy guidelines set by the government for achieving the objectives are provision of basic tools for educational advancement including preparation for crafts of the locality, provision of curricular activities like teaching of science, local crafts, domestic science and agriculture, and provision of qualified teachers to handle technology education subjects. An Assessment of the Development Status of Nigeria In assessing the indices, criteria or factors responsible for the lassification of any country as being either developing or developed, it becomes imperative to understand the underlying key concepts: development, developing, under-developed, least developed, third world or fourth world and developed countries. Development can be regarded as the process of improving human welfare. Hence, the goals of development include: -balanced healthful diet; -adequate medical care; -labour opportunities commensurate with individual talents; -environmental sanitation and disease control; -sufficient educational opportunities; -reduced infant mortality; -decent housing; social and political participation promoting equality (United Nations, 2003). Developing countries are characterized by high rate debts, low level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), low standard of living, low level of productivity and low level of health, low level of investment; high dependency on the agriculture production and high vulnerabil ity for external shocks. Least Developed Countries (LDC) generally suffer conditions of extreme poverty, ongoing and widespread conflict (including civil war or ethnic clashes), extensive political corruption and lack of political and social stability.The form of government in such countries is often authoritarian in nature, and may comprise dictatorship, warlordism or a kleptocrazy (United Nations, 2003). The Relevance of Infrastructure in the Provision of Viable Technology Education With the present scope of technology in Nigerian classrooms, there are few technical schools and few universities where technology education is made available. It is lamentably sad to observe that the available infrastructure in the available technical colleges and universities of technology is inadequate when compared with the expected functions of such institutions of learning.No doubt that infrastructure comprises things that are used directly or indirectly for the purposes of supporting, facilitati ng, influencing or encouraging transmission or acquisition of knowledge, competencies, skills and know-how. When we think of the poor state of this infrastructure, a question tends to come to mind – is the government actually interested in building this nation? This is just that there appears to be a gap between the policy statements and policy implementation.Lending credence to this is Busari (2004) who observes that institutions (technical colleges, universities, etc) where technology education is run are given little or lip support because they are viewed as any other education programme providers. The lackadaisical attitude of related agencies responsible for the functionalism of technology education is evidenced by the fact that the required infrastructure that would make technology education operational are either inadequate or non-existing. If technology education would facilitate national development, the quality of the manpower available for the performance of such t asks will dictate.As reported by Subair (2004), even the universities of technology experienced a face-lift just because of the accreditation exercise embarked upon by the National Universities Commission (NUC), a body established by the Federal Government in 1962 for the purpose of quality university education. He opines that experiences of the students are better expressed when adequate provision of required infrastructure is made with due consideration for some factors such as students’ population, student-teacher ratio, minimum studio stage per student, drawing boards per student, etc and student work experience practice in particular.The country is now faced with the stark realities of her poor technological base, which manifests in all fronts, ranging from poor economy, inability to properly maintain facilities inherited from colonial masters, to bad educational planning (Odeyemi, 1996). The incessant scarcity of petroleum products, epileptic supply of electricity, bad roads, flooding, and so on points to the fact that this country seriously needs to embrace and appreciate technology education. The resultant effects of Nigeria’s state of technological development are being felt in other sectors of our economy uch as the agricultural sector, industrial sector, building and construction, health and infrastructural sector – water, road, telecommunication and electricity. The bite is much felt due to lack of the necessary technical know-how to maintain the existing infrastructure and fabricate spare parts to maintain the heavy duty and medium size plants. Moreover, the frequent stealing and vandalization of Power Holding Company of Nigeria’s (PHCN) equipment for example is traceable to the inability to produce them locally. Obviously, there will be no market for the stolen ones if the country is able to produce in large quantities.As Oguntoye (2004) comments: There is no doubt that Nigeria has made tremendous leaps forward in educ ational development, especially with regard to quantitative expansion, are probably more than those we faced before the Ashby Commission of 1960. The physical structures may be available (they are in short supply). The problem is not that people are unwilling to send their kids to school, may not be the curriculum, may not even be quantity of trained personnel, but the critical problem is attitudinal, wrong value-orientation, wanting to cut corners, acquiring the certificates without acquiring knowledge, skills and competencies (pg. – 8). It becomes important to say here that if Nigeria as a nation is to be a developed and modern nation, it needs to be rational. A rational society is one which regards people as having the knowledge and ability to control their own destinies. Controlling one’s destiny without depending on other countries for one’s basic needs is self-reliance, a supposed target or goal of technology education.Consequently, the focus now should be acquisition of thorough knowledge, skills, competencies and know-how capable of transforming and encouraging people to develop openness to new experience, readiness to social change, placing higher value on technology education and aspiring to high levels of industrial attainment, understanding the logic underlying production and industry; placing high value on technical skill and accepting it as a basis for the distribution of rewards, and a basic trust in the calculating of the surrounding world, and that people and institutions can be relied upon to meet their obligations.Conclusion Attaining national development depends on three things that are considered most important. One is that education, particularly technology education which is the source of high levels of human capital accumulation, should be heavily invested in to generate the human resources Nigeria needs as the ‘engine’ for growth. There should be active government involvement or intervention that will encourage enormous investments in human capital, educating large skilled manpower able to absorb and adapt the most advanced technology.Secondly, Nigerians should know that modern societies are science and technology driven. There is no reason why we cannot set target year for achieving technology education for all. Such focus will make Nigerians think scientifically and technologically, the resultant effects of which will be change in our attitude and belief system, worthwhile social, economic, political and cultural lives, culminating into poverty alleviation, economic progress that will touch millions of Nigerians.Thirdly, irrespective of the level of education, the students are the core input into our educational institutions and the quality of the output (students) depends largely on the provision of infrastructures capable of directly or indirectly supporting, facilitating, influencing and encouraging the development of their potentials. Therefore, the knowledge, skills, compe tences and attitudes students acquire for life can make them fit into the cultural, social, economic and political contexts of the society in which they live, and to work and employment.It can all be summarily put that quality of education is reflected in the fit between, on the one hand, the expectations of society expressed in the general and specific objective of education, and on the other, the actual characteristics of the educational process (technology education) and the changes observed at the students’ level. References Adeogun, A. A. (2003). Economics of education. Lagos: Olatunji Publishing Press. Ajelabi, A. (2000). Essentials of educational technology. Lagos: Raytel Communications Ltd. Bannock, A. O. (1977).Modern technology and students’ instinct development. New York: McGreen Publishing Company. Bosah, H. O. N. (1997). Improving school plant provision and administration in Nigeria school. N. I. Ogbonnaya and C. L. Ajagbaonwu (Eds. ) Major concepts and is sues in educational administration. NAEP Publication. Ibadan: Awemark Industrial Printers. Busari, O. O. (2004). Towards a rethink of science and technology education in Nigeria. Ejiogu A. (ed. ) Nigerian education and challenges of the 21st century. Lagos: Faculty of Education, University of Lagos.Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1996). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 377. Collins English Dictionary (2005). Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers, pp. 443, 449, 1675. Coombs, Y. (1991). What is planning? Paris: IIEP UNESCO. Ehiametalor, E. T. (2001). School facilities: Management practice in Nigeria. N. A. Nwaguru, E. T. Ehiametalor, and M. A. Ogunu, M. Nwadiani (Eds. ) Current issues in educational management in Nigeria. Benin City, Nigeria: Nigerian Association for Educational Administration and Planning. Ejiogu, A. (ed. ) (2004).Nigerian education and challenges of the 21st century. Lagos: Faculty of Education, University of Lagos. Madumere, S. C. (1997). Educ ational planning and manpower development. Lagos: Samuel Printing Press. Nwagwu, N. A. (1978). Primary school administration. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Odeyemi, O. (1996). Technology as a vehicle for qualitiative education in Nigeria. Technology education Today 6(1 & 2), pp. 49 – 52. Ogunranti, A. (1988). Educational technology and curriculum development. Ogunranti, A. (ed. ) Problems and prospects of educational technology in Nigeria.Ibadan: Heinemann. Oguntoye, A. O. O. (2004). Education for national development self reliance in a deregulated economy. A paper presented at the 1st national conference of the School of Technical Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka. Subair, S. O. (2007). Infrastructure, students’ welfare and students’ motivation to learn in universities. An unpublished post-field report paper presented at the departmental seminar of the Educational Administration Department, University of Lagos, Akoka. Ukeje, B. O. ( 1991).Educational technology in the new national system of education. In Ajelabi, A. (2005). Essentials of educational technology. Lagos: Raytel Communications, p. 18. United Nations (2001). Road map towards the implementation of the United Nations millennium declaration. Retrieved Sept. 17, 2008 from http://www. un. org. /millenniumgoal. United Nations Development Programme (2003). Human development report. New York: University Press for UNDP. United Nations (2005). Jakarta Declaration on Millennium Development Goals in Asia and the pacific: The way forward 2015, Jakarta, 5 August 2005.

Simple Random Samples From a Table of Random Numbers

Simple Random Samples From a Table of Random Numbers There are a variety of different types of sampling techniques. Of all statistical samples, the simple random sample is indeed the gold standard. In this article, we will see how to use a table of random digits to construct a simple random sample. A simple random sample is characterized by two properties, which we state below: Every individual in the population is equally likely to be chosen for the sampleEvery set of size n is equally likely of being chosen. Simple random samples are important for a number of reasons.  This type of sample guards against bias.  The use of a simple random sample also allows us to apply results from probability, such as the central limit theorem, to our sample. Simple random samples are so necessary that it is important to have a process to obtain such a sample.  We must have a reliable way to produce randomness. While computers will generate so-called  random numbers, these are actually pseudorandom. These pseudorandom numbers are not truly random because hiding in the background, a deterministic process was used to produce the pseudorandom number. Good tables of random digits are the result of random physical processes. The following example goes through a detailed sample calculation. By reading through this example we can see how to construct a simple random sample with the use of a table of random digits. Statement of Problem Suppose that we have a population of 86 college students and want to form a simple random sample of size eleven to survey about some issues on campus. We begin by assigning numbers to each of our students. Since there is a total of 86 students, and 86 is a two digit number, every individual in the population is assigned a two digit number beginning 01, 02, 03, . . . 83, 84, 85. Use of the Table We will use a table of random numbers to determine which of the 85 students should be chosen in our sample. We blindly start at any place in our table and write the random digits in groups of two. Beginning at the fifth digit of the first line we have: 23 44 92 72 75 19 82 88 29 39 81 82 88 The first eleven numbers that are in the range from 01 to 85 are selected from the list. The numbers below that are in bold print correspond to this: 23 44 92 72 75 19 82 88 29 39 81 82 88 At this point, there are a few things to note about this particular example of the process of selecting a simple random sample. The number 92 was omitted because this number is greater than the total number of students in our population. We omit the final two numbers in the list, 82 and 88. This is because we have already included these two numbers in our sample. We only have ten individuals in our sample. To obtain another subject it is necessary to continue to the next row of the table. This line begins: 29 39 81 82 86 04 The numbers 29, 39, 81 and 82 have already been included in our sample. So we see that the first two-digit number that fits in our range and does not repeat a number that has already been selected for the sample is 86. Conclusion of the Problem The final step is to contact students who have been identified with the following numbers: 23, 44, 72, 75, 19, 82, 88, 29, 39, 81, 86 A well-constructed survey can be administered to this group of students and the results tabulated.

Free Essays on Describe Yourself

I’m shaking violently and uncontrollably in bed and turning bluer every second that passes by. My brain’s craving for oxygen and I start losing brain cells, one after another. I’m shaking even when EMS is loading me on the ambulance. Suddenly, the shaking stops! I feel tired and all I want to do is sleep, but they won’t let me. The nurse sticks a needle in my arm the size of a finger and starts to withdraw some blood and doctors are asking me endless questions. Finally, the questions are over so now I can sleep and sleep is what I did. This is what I have to go through every time I have a seizure. I have had many seizures in my lifetime and each time I have a seizure it is worse than the one before. Yes, I am an epileptic; yet, I am lucky because most of the time my seizures are controlled with medicine. I’m seventeen, epileptic, and a successful senior in high school who likes to volunteer time giving back to the community. I have picked up trash along the highway before, which was very fun with a group of friends. Through my church I’ve helped build a house for Habit for Humanity, made ten church planters for our church centennial banquet, delivered Christmas baskets for the needy, and helped out at a nursing home. It is very important to volunteer because when the time comes and you need help, someone could be there just like you were helping the other person who needed help. As a volunteer and a good student I’ve also found time to get a job. I’ve worked at Sea World in stadium sales for two years. Stadium sales personnel go to all the shows and sell merchandise. We also keep track of everyone’s sales and total them up occasionally for management. This year I’ve sold $60,000 worth of merchandise; I have the highest sales the next highest was only at 25,000. I’m very fortunate we moved to San Antonio so I could work at Sea World. Even though I am living in San Antonio, Texas right now, that... Free Essays on Describe Yourself Free Essays on Describe Yourself I’m shaking violently and uncontrollably in bed and turning bluer every second that passes by. My brain’s craving for oxygen and I start losing brain cells, one after another. I’m shaking even when EMS is loading me on the ambulance. Suddenly, the shaking stops! I feel tired and all I want to do is sleep, but they won’t let me. The nurse sticks a needle in my arm the size of a finger and starts to withdraw some blood and doctors are asking me endless questions. Finally, the questions are over so now I can sleep and sleep is what I did. This is what I have to go through every time I have a seizure. I have had many seizures in my lifetime and each time I have a seizure it is worse than the one before. Yes, I am an epileptic; yet, I am lucky because most of the time my seizures are controlled with medicine. I’m seventeen, epileptic, and a successful senior in high school who likes to volunteer time giving back to the community. I have picked up trash along the highway before, which was very fun with a group of friends. Through my church I’ve helped build a house for Habit for Humanity, made ten church planters for our church centennial banquet, delivered Christmas baskets for the needy, and helped out at a nursing home. It is very important to volunteer because when the time comes and you need help, someone could be there just like you were helping the other person who needed help. As a volunteer and a good student I’ve also found time to get a job. I’ve worked at Sea World in stadium sales for two years. Stadium sales personnel go to all the shows and sell merchandise. We also keep track of everyone’s sales and total them up occasionally for management. This year I’ve sold $60,000 worth of merchandise; I have the highest sales the next highest was only at 25,000. I’m very fortunate we moved to San Antonio so I could work at Sea World. Even though I am living in San Antonio, Texas right now, that...

SOCIAL SCIENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SOCIAL SCIENCE - Essay Example The selected regions of England and Wales followed a similar pattern with Wales by far surpassing the other regions. In the North West region the percentage of good water quality was greater than fair or poor quality for the four year period. A similar situation occurred with Southern and Wales. In the regions of Midlands and Anglian, though, the percentage of fair water quality was greater than the good quality for the years 1990 and 1995. Nonetheless in 2000 and 2005 there seems to be a dramatic improvement in the quality of water. In the Midlands, the percentage increase moved from 45 in 1995 to 59 in 2000 and 2005 whilst Anglian increased from 39 percent in 1995 to 49 in 2000. Wales outperformed the regions by a great margin for the entire period. Their good water quality ranged from 79 percent in 1990 to 93 percent in 2005. North West came in second in terms of the percentage of good water quality to fair and poor. Anglian’s good water quality ranged from 17 to 46 percent. At no time were they able to cross the half mark of 50. Thus, Anglian seems to have performed the worst in terms of the percentage of good water quality. Although North West experienced the highest percentage of poor quality water of 27 percent in 1990 this figure was significantly decreased to 8 percent by 2005. Hence, North West had the greatest percent decrease of poor water quality of 19 percent during the period. Interestingly, in 1990 Anglian with 17 percent began as the worst performing region in terms of the smallest percent of good water quality. Although they made a 22 percent leap to 49 in 2000, they remained with the lowest percent in good water quality. The market economy is one that is run by the forces of a market, that is, the economy is based on the dynamic relationship between the prices of goods and services and the behavior of producers and consumers. For example, as consumers increase their demand for a particular good or service the price of that commodity

Community Paper - Assignment B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Paper - Assignment B - Essay Example Individuals can also belong to psychological communities, which involve personal interaction governed by sentiments of trust, collaboration, and altruism. This definition by Aristotle expanded to acknowledge that the world has contracted into a global village. One characteristic of such a community is bringing together of isolated individuals giving rise to communities which are unrestricted by geographical location. With the emergence of information technology there has been a creation of networks and cyber communities that link organizations and individuals across the globe through the internet irrespective of national boundaries (Stuckey, 2008). A community is a network of self-organized individuals with a common cause, agenda, or interest and these individuals collaborate by sharing information, ideas, and other resources with an aim of progression. In this regard, virtual communities consist of individuals in an online discussion on matters of common concern, or of those who fre quent a certain website for such purposes as socialization. This, therefore, implies that a community is a cluster of individuals with a common interest that arise from their association. An instance of a community is a college community, which involves individuals attending college. A neighborhood community comprises of people who live in a neighborhood and an online community made up of members of a certain website such as Facebook. Characteristics of a community The common defining characteristics of a community have common components, which are the people in the community, social interaction, common ties, and a place. Stuckey (2008), notes that the most essential characteristic of a community is the people People The people in a community involve a group of individuals who possess common initiatives. These individuals identify themselves with a thing or event that is larger than the summation of their individual relationships. A community must have people, and without this funda mental characteristic, a collection of any other thing cannot qualify as a community. These people can also be a group entity who have a common identity or are located within some defined boundaries. A community can, however, be restricted by limited membership to the community, but the individuals in the community must have some relationship with each other often because of a common ground. Rituals, social agreements, and social policies must govern the people in a community. These policy agreements and rituals ensure that each member of the community is valued. The people in a community are often organized according to the roles they play in the community. Sociability of the people in a community generates content for the community (McMillan & Georg, 2006, p.130). In the college community, this characteristic of people characterizes the students and the college staff. These individuals are guided by the college rules and follow the social agreements put in place by the college. Em ergence of roles also emerges in such a community where the roles of the staff and that of the students are clearly differentiated. Online communities also have the characteristic of people and are exemplified by the participants in the discussion or members of a website. It is only real people who can form a virtual community and it are necessary to note that computer robots, despite their abilities to engage in activities similar to that of